Saturday, March 21, 2020

Democratization Of Taiwan Essays - Republic Of China, Kuomintang

Democratization Of Taiwan Taiwan is an island country which is located off the southeast coast of China between the Taiwan Strait and the Philippine Sea. It has a land area of about 32,000 square kilometers, and claims another 3,700 square kilometers of sea around it, giving it close to a total of 36,000 square kilometers for itself. The land of Taiwan consists mainly of mountainous terrain in the east while the west has flat plains which can be compared to the middle central part of the United States. The country has a population of about 22 million people in which 9.7 million of those people are part of the labor force. Some of the groups that make up this population include native Taiwanese (which includes Hakka, the originals of the land), mainland Chinese, and aborigines. Taiwan is one of the major economic powers of East Asia. Taiwan is a truly capitalistic economy in an area where communism has played a major role in the world over the last 50 years. The GDP has been growing at a rate of about 8 percent per year over the last few years. Services make up more than half of Taiwans GDP, while industry and agriculture combine to make up the for the rest of the GDP. Manufacturing is mainly in electronics and machinery, which are among Taiwans major exports. (CIA World Factbook, 2000) Although Taiwan has been a major economic success, its political situation is still more remarkable. Within the last 50 years, sweeping changes have embraced the political arena. It was up until World War II that Taiwan was under the control of Japan, an arrangement which resulted from the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. (Rigger 34, 1999) However in 1945, at the end of the war, Taiwan was given back to China as part of Japans punishment. The Taiwanese, excited by the fact that once again they were to be reunited in a way, with the mainland China. What had happened however was vastly different from what was expected. The Kuomuntang (KMT) or the Nationalist party had set foot in Taiwan for the Republic of China (ROC) in 1945, and viewed the Taiwanese as traitors for being a part of the Japanese army, and for their lost ties to traditional or mainland China. (Copper 35, 1999) It was during this time that corruption and violence gripped Taiwan, which in essence was used mainly as a production facility of supplies for the Nationalists fight against Communism on the mainland. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party completely took over mainland China, resulting in the Nationalist government removing itself from the mainland to take up residence in Taiwan. This mass exodus from the mainland gave Taiwan a population that consisted of twenty percent mainlanders. Because of their high influx of people from the mainland, the ROC was able to stay in power, claiming to still be the ruling body over all of China. (Ferdinand 1996, Pg 5) In looking at Robert Dahls criteria for a fully functional democracy, which include free, fair, and frequent elections of officials rather than those imposed by the government, as well as freedom of expression, citizenship for all, ability to gather information free of the state, and what Dahl refers to as associational autonomy. (Dahl Pg 85). A majority of these traits have come about in aiding the evolution of democracies through the formation of a constitution that guarantees these specific ideas. It was during this time that the leader of the KMT, Chiang Kai-Shek made some sweeping changes to how Taiwan was being ruled by that time. To put an end to all the corruption that had occurred during the short time that Taiwan had been put back in control of China, he executed all those that had been accused of corruption in the government and brought about a constitution from the mainland which set up a system of political bodies to help recreate what the KMT once had. The political body which came about was full of provisions for checks and balances to insure the separation of powers, truly resembling a federal system. (Copper 1999, Pg94) The resulting five body government, or five-yaun (chamber) consisted of the Legislative Yaun in which the National Assembly was considered a part, the Executive Yaun, the Judicial Yaun, the Examination Yaun, and the Control Yaun. (Ferdinand 5, 1996) Each of these chambers had a specific duty, much like the different aspects of the government of the United States. The

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Contract Law essays

Contract Law essays England's contract law is consisted of several laws and they can not be written or at least explained in a student's assignment, which is consisted of 1000 words. Despite that I will try to outline the main points of the contact law and explain briefly what each means. On the second point I will explain the little difference between the English contact law with the equivalent contract law of my home country which is Cyprus. I wrote "little differences " because, Cyprus is following the English system concerning laws. There are three basic essentials to the creation of contract which will be recognised and enforced by the courts. These are: contractual intention, agreement and consideration. This is an expression of willingness to contract made with the intention (actual or apparent) that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as the person to whom it is addressed accepts it. An offer can be made to one person or a group of persons or to the world at large. The offeror is bound to fulfil the terms of his offer once it is accepted. The offer may be made in writing, by words or conduct. Unilateral - some offers are purely one sided, made without the offeror's having any idea whether they will ever be taken up and accepted, and thereby be transformed into a contract. For example when an advertisement where a person is rewarding another one if he finds his pet (which was lost). In this case the person who is making such an offer is not sure whether this offer will be ever accepted. Bilateral - The majority of offers are Bilateral. While it is not always true, most people make an offer to one named offeree or a small group of parties. Most contracts are made with both parties present on a face-to-face basis. An invitation to treat made by one party to another is not an offer. An invitation to treat is made at a preliminary stage in the making of an agreement, where one party seeks to ascertain whether the other would b...